Engine.



No. 666,690. Patented lan. 29, I90I.

C. K. PICKLES.

E N G I N E.

(Application med Feb'. e, 1899.)

(No Model.)

l .In

ufff-@uf ArsNr CHARLES K. PICKLES, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO i THE Q & C COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 666,690, dated January 29, 1901.

Application led February 6, 1899.

To all A1,071,071@ r3 may concern/s Be it known that I, CHARLES K.` PrcxLEs, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pneumatic Engines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part 1o of this specification.

The -present invention relates to that type of pneu matic drills in which a multiple series of pistons and cylinders'actu'ate, through a proper speed-reducing mechanism, the centrally-arranged drill-carrying arbor of the apparatus.

The objects of the presentimprovement are, in the main, to provide a simple, light, compact, and efficient construction and arrangezo nient of parts that with a proportionate size and weight will aord a maximum amount of power and which is especially suitable to thev type of manually-handled rotary drills to which the present invention more especially relates and as will hereinafter more fully appear in the description and claims.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating the present invention, Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation taken on the irregular line 3o m, Fig. 2,' Fig. 2, a horizontal sectional elevation at line ac', Fig. l, illustrating the valve mechanism.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in both views.

In the present improved construction, as shown in the drawings, the main housing comprises an integral casting divided into an upper and lower portion', the upper portion being divided in turn into a centrallyarranged 4o valve-chamber l and a cluster of engine or piston cylinders 2, equidistantly arranged around said central valve chamber. The lower portion of the housing forms an openbottomed chamber 3, in which the series of radially-arranged crank-shafts and their different connections, as hereinafter set forth, are arranged and housed'. The valve-chamber l is of a cylindrical nature, with its axis parallel with the axis of the cluster of engine- 5o cylinders 2.

from a suitable source of supply.

4 is a rotary valve by which the induction Serial No. 704,715. (No model.)

and eduction of the motive iiuid to the diierent engine-cylinders are controlled and regulated. Said valve is of rotary cylindrical cutoff type and is formed with an opentopped 55 peripheral supply orinduction port or passage 5 and an open-bottomed peripheral exhaust or ed uction port or passage 6, arranged at opposite sides of its perimeter, as shown in Figs. I and 2. The valve 4 is of the same diameter 6o as the valve-chamber l and is located intermediate the height of said chamber, so as to divide the same into an upper pressure-supply chamber 7 and a loWer'exhaust-chamber S.

9 is the supply or induction passage com- 65 municati'ng with the supply-chamber 7, and such passage is preferably extended down the wall of the valve-chamber, so as to have communication with one of the tubular supporting-handles 1l of the pneumatic drill, and 7o which handle, at its outer end', will have the usual attachment to the hose or other flexible connection through which the compressed air or other motive fluid is conducted to the drill l0 is the exhaust or eduction port passing through the wall of the valve-chamber and connecting the exhaust-chamber 8 directly with the atmosphere.

l2 is an axially-arranged shaft or stem car- 8o rying the rotary valve 4 and journaled near its lower end in the lower head of the valvechamber l, as shown. On its extreme lower end said shaft carries a miter-gear 13, through which it receives positive rotation in unison with the movement of the engine-pistons, dac., as hereinafter set forth.

14 represents the series of radial ports that connect the upper ends of the cluster of engine-cylinders 2 with the valve-chamber l.

The cluster of engine-cylinders 2 are of the single-acting open-bottomed type, their pistons l5 being connected directly to their individual pitmen l6,that in turn have connection with theindividual crank-shafts 17. The se- 95 ries of individual crank-shafts 17 have journal-bearing at their inner ends in a stationary annular sleeve 1S, that is fixedly secured or forms a part of the main housing of the apparatus.

19 represents a series of radially-arranged bushings screwed into the outer wall or hous- ICO ing of the chamber 3 and forming bearings for the outer ends of the series of individual crank-shafts 1'7, as shown.

2O is a miter-gear on the inner end of the crank-shafts 17, gearing with the ruiter-gear 13 of the valve-stem 12 and adapted to impart uniform and concurrent movement to the main engine-valve 4L in unison with the' movement of the engines.

21 represents a series of bevel-pinions,pref erably of a toothed nature, as shown, secured to the series of crank-shafts 17,and are adapted to engage in common with a bevel gear or annulus 22, also preferably of a toothed nature, and which annulus is carried by or forms a part of a revolving'head 23 at the lower end ot' the apparatus.

With the above-described construction the series of engines are positively coupled together, so as to operate in unison, and in addition thereto the said construction affords a ready means for converting the high speed of the engine into a slower and more powerful speed of the drill-arbor, in that by a proper proportioning of the series of bevel-pinions 21 with relation to the bevel gear or annulus 22 any required degree of reduction can be obtained.

The revolving head or gear 22 23 in the construction shown closes the open bottom of the chamber 3,that contains the engine crankshafts and connections, and such head is formed with a depending central arbor 24 to receive a chuck or suitable drill-holder. .In the operation of the drill the iianged outer riml of the head 23 turns y freely and in close relation to the inner surface'of the housing of the chamber 3, so as to exclude dust, dac., from the operative parts of the series of engines. Therevolving head 23 is held in axial alinernent by means of a central extension 25 of the main housing or of the stationary sleeve 1S thereof, upon which the tubular arbor 24 has bearing, as indicated in Fig. 1.

26 is a ball or other suitable friction-reducing bearing interposed between the upper end of the head 23 and arbor 24 and lthe lower end of the extension 25 to withstand the upper thrust of said head and arbor in the actual use of the pneumatic drill.

27 is a confining-disk fitting an enlarged counterbore in the lower end ofthe arbor 24: and secured to the central extension 25`by a screw-bolt 26, the arrangement heilig such as to hold the revolving head and its tool-carrying arbor against any downward displace ment.

29 is a removable head closing the upper end of the valve-chamber 1 to admit of ready access to the valve and ports for the purpose of oiling, cleaning, dac.

Having thus fully described my said inven-v tion, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Paten t., is

l. In a portable pneumatic engine of the character herein described, the combination of a cluster of three or more engines having parallel relation with the axis of the drill, a series of crank-shafts radially arranged, connections between the crank-shafts and the pistons of the engines, and connections between said crank-shafts imposing isochronal movement upon the same, substantially as set forth.

2. in a portable pneumatic engine of the character herein described, the combination of a cluster of three or more engines having parallel relation with the axis of the drill, a series of crank-shafts radially arranged, each shaft individ ual to an engine and operatively connected thereto in an individual manner, and intermediate connections between said crank-shafts imposing isochronal movement upon the same, substantially as set forth.

3. In a portable pneumatic engine of the character herein described, the combination of a cluster of three or more engines having parallel relation with the axis of the drill, a centrally-arranged valve-cham ber, a series of crank-shafts radially arranged each shaft in dividual to an engine and operatively connected thereto in an individual manner, and intermediate connections between said crankshafts imposing isochronal movement upon the same, substantially as set forth.

4. In a portable pneumatic engine of the character herein described, the combination of a cluster of three or more engines having parallel relation with the axis of theidrill, a centrally-arranged valve-chamber, a series of crank-shafts radially arranged each shaft individual to an engine and operatively connected thereto, ,connections between said crank-shafts imposing isochronal movement.

upon the same, a rotary valve arranged in the valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, avalve-stem, and miter-gearconnections between the valve-stem and one of the crank-shafts, substantially as set forth.

5. In a portable pneumatic engine of the character herein described, the combination of a cluster of three or more engines having parallel relation with the axis of the drill, a series of crank-shafts radially arranged, connections betweenv the crank-shafts and the pistons of the engines, a series of bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, and a bevel-annulus common to the series of pinions and imposing isochronal movement upon the same, substantially as set forth.

6. A multiple-cylinder engine for rotary pneumatic drills and the like, comprising a central valve-chamber, a cluster of enginecylinders in parallel relation with the valvechamber and provided with piston, pitman and crank-shaft connections, a rotary valve arranged in said valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, means for imparting movement to the valve, a series of individual bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, and a revolving bevel-annulus common to the series of pinions, substantially as set forth.

7. A multiple-cylinder engine for rotary pneumatic drills and the like, comprising a IOO IIO

central valve-chamber, a cluster of enginecylinders in parallel relation with the valvechamber and provided with piston, pit-man and crank-shaft connections, a rotary valve arranged in said valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, means for imparting rotary movement to the valve, aseries of individual beveled and toothed pinions on the crank-shafts, and a revolving beveled and toothed annulus common to the 4series of pinions, substantially as set forth.

8. A multiple-cylinder engine for rotary pneumatic drills and the like, comprising a central valve-chamber, a cluster of enginecylinders in parallel relation with the valvechamber and provided with piston, pitlnan and crank-shaft connections, a rotary valve arranged in said valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, a valve-stem, mitergear connections between the valve-stem and one of the crank-shafts, a series of individual bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, and a revolving bevel-annulus common to the series of pinions, substantially as set forth.

9. A multiple-cylinder engine for rotary pneumatic drills and the like, comprising a central valve-chamber, a cluster of enginecylinders in parallel relation with the valvechamber and provided with piston, pitman and crank-shaft connections, a rotary valve arranged in said valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, means for imparting rotary movement to the valve, a series of individual bevel-pinions on the central shafts, and a revolving bevel-annulus common to the series of pinions, and provided with a central depending arbor, substantially as set forth.

10. A multiple-cylinder engine for rotary pneumatic drills and the like, comprising a central valve-chamber, a cluster of enginecylinders in parallel relation with the valvechamber and provided with piston, pitman and crank-shaft. connections, a rotary valve arranged in said valve-chamber and common to the cluster of engines, means for imparting rotary movement to the valve, a series of individual beveled and toothed pinions on the crank-shafts, and a revolving beveled and toothed annulus common to the series of pinions and provided with a central depending arbor, substantially as set forth.

1l. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a cluster of engines,a series of individual crankshafts,pitman connections between the crankshafts and the pistons of the engines, a series of bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel-annulus common to the series of pinions, a head carryingsaid annulus, and a central tool-carrying arbor on said head, substantially as set forth.

12. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a cluster of engines,a series of individual crankshafts radially arranged, pitman connections between the crank-shafts and the pistons of the engines, a series of beveled and toothed pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving beveled and toothed annulus common to the se- .ries of pinions, a head carrying said annulus ing casing or chamber, a rotary valve arranged in the valve-chamber, means for operating said valve, and a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth. p

14E. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a main housing formed with a central valvechamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a lower inclosing easing or chamber, pistons individual to the cylinders, a series of individual crank-shafts, pistons, pitman connections between the pistons and the crank-shafts, bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel annulus or head common to the series of pinions, and adapted to close the lower end of the inclosing casing or chamber, a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, a rotary valve in the valve-chamber, a valve-stem, and miter-gear connection between the valve-stem and one of the crank-shafts, and a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth.

15. A rotary pneumatic. drill, comprising a main housing formed with a central valvechamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a cylindrical extension, a series of individual crank-shafts having their inner bearings in said extension, pistons, pitrnan connections between the pistons and the crank-shafts, bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel annulus or head common t0 the series of pinions, a rotary valve arranged in the valve-chamber, a Valve-stem, miter-gear connections between the valve-stem and one of the crank-shafts, and a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth.

16. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a main housing formed with a central valvechamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a cylindrical extension, a series of individual crank-shafts having their inner bearings in said extension and their outer bearings in bushings in the Y housing, pistons, pitman connections between the pistons and the crank-shafts, bevelpinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel annulus or head common to the series of pinions, a rotary valve arranged in the valvechamber, a valve stem, miter-gear connections between the valve and one of the crank- IOO IlO

shafts, and a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth.

17. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a main housing formed with a central valveohamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a cylindrical extension, a series of individual erank-shafrs, pistons, pitman connections between the pistons and the crank-shafts, bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel annulus or lhead common to the series of pinions and having bearing upon said cylindrical extension of the housing, a rotary valve arranged in the valve-Chamber, a Valve-stem, mitergear connections between the valve-stem and one of the Crank-shafts, and a tool-carrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth.

18. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a main housing formed with a central valvechamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a cylindrical eX- tension, a series of individual crank-shafts, pistons, pitman Connections between the pistons and the crank-shafts, bevel-pinions on the crank-shafts, a revolving bevel annulus or head common to the series of pinions and having bearing upon said cylindrical extension of the housing, a friction-reducing bearing between the upper end of the revolving` head and said extension, a rotary va-lve arranged in the valve-chamber, a valve-stem, miter-gear connections between the valvestem and one ofthe crank-shafts, and a tooloarrying arbor on the revolving head, substantially as set forth.

19. A rotary pneumatic drill, comprising a main housingr formed with a central valveehamber, a cluster of engine-cylinders in parallel relation therewith, and a cylindrical eX- tension, a series of individual Crank-shafts, pistons, pitman connections between the pisytons and the crank-shafts, bevel-pinions on CHARLES K. PICKLES.

In presence of- ROBERT BURNS, JAMES LAVALLIN. 

